Antigen Background CD1a is a protein of 43 to 49 kD expressed on dendritic cells and cortical thymocytes. CD1a antigen expression has been shown to be useful in differentiating Langerhans cells, powerful antigen presenting cells present in skin and epithelia, from interdigitating cells. Immunohistochemical studies for CD1a antigen have reported a reduction in epidermal Langerhans cells in graft versus host disease and the participation of CD1a an...

Antigen Background The CD20 antigen is a non-glycosylated phosphoprotein of approximately 33kD which is expressed on normal and malignant human B cells and is thought to act as a receptor during B cell activation and differentiation. CD20 antigen has been reported to be expressed on normal B cells from peripheral blood, lymph node, spleen, tonsil, bone marrow, acute leukemias and chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Disclaimer CD20 is recommended for t...

Antigen Backgroundp16 (INK4a) (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A)) is a tumour suppressor protein associated with cell cycle progression, specifically in the regulation of transition from G1 phase of the cell cycle in to the S phase. Oncogenic mutations in the CDKN2A gene that encodes p16 (resulting in over or under expression of the protein) is associated with a wide range of cancers and cancer precursor lesions.Disclaimerp16 is recom...

Antigen Background Geminin is a protein of 209 amino acids thought to be involved in the control of DNA replication via the interaction with Cdt1. Geminin is not found in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, but is first expressed in the G1 to S transition phase, with expression levels rising through the rest of the cell cycle and levels reaching a maximum during mitosis. It has been proposed that geminin may be a tumor suppressor protein. Geminin is ...

Antigen Background Mesothelin is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked (GPI) glycoprotein of 40kD present on the surface of mesothelial cells, mesotheliomas, epithelial ovarian cancers and some squamous cell carcinomas. It is synthesized as a 69 kD precursor which is enzymatically processed into an N-terminal secreted form of 30 kD and the GPI-linked membrane-bound form of 40 kD. The secreted form is identical to the megakaryocyte potentiating f...

Slide 1 Hello, hello; thank you so much for that introduction. Let's get started. Oh, I'm sorry, I just need to hit this next button here. So my name is Mark Lawson. Thank you for joining us in this webinar. I'm here to present BOND RX tips, tricks, and optimization. It's going to be a user guide from the BOND RX and chromogenic multiplexing in the research application. Slide 2 So, my name is Mark Lawson. I'm an application specialist on the Life Sciences team at Leica Biosystems I provide technical support for the Life Sciences portfolio, including but not limited to the BOND RX, the BOND RXm, and a wide array of reagents. So I've worked in the histology field for about 15 years and in both clinical and research spaces. I started off as a histotechnologist and worked my way up...

Get tips for better ISH staining in this guide. Each step provides a valuable reminder of good histology practice and also helps with troubleshooting when unacceptable results do occur.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used in histology to detect the presence of specific protein markers that can assist with accurate tumor classification and diagnosis. This article provides an overview and the basic steps used to create an optimal IHC stain.