Antigen Background CD1a is a protein of 43 to 49 kD expressed on dendritic cells and cortical thymocytes. CD1a antigen expression has been shown to be useful in differentiating Langerhans cells, powerful antigen presenting cells present in skin and epithelia, from interdigitating cells. Immunohistochemical studies for CD1a antigen have reported a reduction in epidermal Langerhans cells in graft versus host disease and the participation of CD1a an...

Antigen Background The CD20 antigen is a non-glycosylated phosphoprotein of approximately 33kD which is expressed on normal and malignant human B cells and is thought to act as a receptor during B cell activation and differentiation. CD20 antigen has been reported to be expressed on normal B cells from peripheral blood, lymph node, spleen, tonsil, bone marrow, acute leukemias and chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Disclaimer CD20 is recommended for t...

Antigen Backgroundp16 (INK4a) (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A)) is a tumour suppressor protein associated with cell cycle progression, specifically in the regulation of transition from G1 phase of the cell cycle in to the S phase. Oncogenic mutations in the CDKN2A gene that encodes p16 (resulting in over or under expression of the protein) is associated with a wide range of cancers and cancer precursor lesions.Disclaimerp16 is recom...

Antigen Background Geminin is a protein of 209 amino acids thought to be involved in the control of DNA replication via the interaction with Cdt1. Geminin is not found in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, but is first expressed in the G1 to S transition phase, with expression levels rising through the rest of the cell cycle and levels reaching a maximum during mitosis. It has been proposed that geminin may be a tumor suppressor protein. Geminin is ...

Antigen Background Mesothelin is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked (GPI) glycoprotein of 40kD present on the surface of mesothelial cells, mesotheliomas, epithelial ovarian cancers and some squamous cell carcinomas. It is synthesized as a 69 kD precursor which is enzymatically processed into an N-terminal secreted form of 30 kD and the GPI-linked membrane-bound form of 40 kD. The secreted form is identical to the megakaryocyte potentiating f...

Get tips for better ISH staining in this guide. Each step provides a valuable reminder of good histology practice and also helps with troubleshooting when unacceptable results do occur.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used in histology to detect the presence of specific protein markers that can assist with accurate tumor classification and diagnosis. This article provides an overview and the basic steps used to create an optimal IHC stain.

Biomarkers AE1/AE3 AMACR BCL6 CD20 CD3 CD4 CD68 CD8 CDX2 CK20 Ck5 Colocalization Counterstain ...

Phenotyping Tumor Microenvironment Using DNA Barcoded Multiplex Technology Chifei Sun GSK IVIVTBIBCellular Biomarkers Collegeville, PA I have no conflict of interests with Leica Biosystems, Ultivue and Indica Labs. – All the materials used in this presentation are for educational purpose only. – The human biological samples were sourced ethically, and their research use was in accord with the terms of the informed consents under an IRB/EC approved protocol. Statement 9/25/2020 2 Understand the complexity of tumor microenvironment and its importance in drug development – Introduce the Ultivue DNA barcoding and exchange technology for multiplex immunofluorescence – Highlight the processes of image fusion, spatial analysis and colocalization of markers on individual cells Learnin...