9 result(s) for 'Lung'
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Homozygous and hemizygous deletions of 9p21 are the earliest and most common genetic alteration in bladder cancer. The CDKN2A (INK4A) gene has been identified as tumor suppressor gene in this region which is commonly deleted in bladder cancer. The loss of DNA sequences on chromosomal bands 9p21-22 has been documented also in a variety of malignancies including leukemias, gliomas, lung cancers, and melanomas. The CDKN2A (9p21) FISH probe is optimi...
Deletions of chromosome 13q14 have been reported not only in CLL but in a variety of human tumors, including other types of lymphoid and myeloid tumors, as well as prostate, head and neck, and non-small cell lung cancers. The deletion of 13q may be limited to a single locus (13q14), or accompanied with the loss of a larger interstitial region of the long arm of chromosome 13. A minimal critical region of 400 kb has been described containing the D...
Pericentric inversion of chromosome 10 involving the RET (ret proto-oncogene) gene at chromosome 10q11 is known to increase expression of the RET gene by fusion with KIF5B (10p11). Translocations with other fusion partners have also been described. Elevated expression of RET is observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in which the function of tyrosine kinase-based therapeutics is based on the inhibition of such fusion proteins. Translocati...
Translocations of the ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene at 2p23 have originally been associated with anaplastic lymphomas, B-cell lymphomas, neuroblastomas and myofibroblastic tumors. At least 21 translocation partners have been described, however 80% of the translocations involves the NPM1 gene (5q35). ALK rearrangements have been described in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. Multiple tyrosine kinsae inhibitors (TKI's) specific for ...
The MET proto-oncogene is a receptor-like tyrosine kinase that drives a physiological cellular program important for development, cell movement, cell repair and cellular growth. Aberrant execution of this program has been associated to neoplastic transformation, invasion and metastasis. Activation of MET has been reported in a significant percentage of human cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is amplified during the transiti...
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cell membrane protein, providing signal transduction and cell growth. It is a member of the Erb-B family of type I receptor tyrosine kinases and implicated in the development and progression of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), breast, intestine, and other organs. EGFR has been found to act as a strong prognostic indicator in head and neck, ovarian, cervical, bladder and oesophageal cancers. In t...
The ERBB2 (or HER2) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in growth factor signaling. Overexpression of this gene is seen in about 20% of invasive breast cancers. ERBB2 gene amplification is a permanent genetic change that results in this continuous overexpression of ERBB2. Trastuzumab (commonly known as Herceptin) has been developed to be effective against ERBB2-positive breast cancer. ERBB2 amplification is also observed in a variety...
The inversion in 2p21 and 2p23 leading to a fusion of the kinase domain of ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) and EML4 (echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4) has been described in 5-7% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. Multiple tyrosine kinsae inhibitors (TKI's) specific for ALK have since been approved for first line treatment of NSCLC-patients carrying the fusion gene ALK-EML4. These ALK inhibitors include crizotinib (Xalko...
Translocations involving the ROS1 gene at chromosome 6q22 can increase expression of the gene by fusion with SLC34A2 (4p15), but also with other fusion partners. Elevated expression is observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where the success of tyrosine kinase-based therapeutics like Crizotinib (Xalkori) is based on inhibiting the activity of these fusion genes. The fusion of ROS1 to the GOPC (FIG) gene, by deletion of a 240 kb DNA fragm...