15 result(s) for 'Histopathology'
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Antigen BackgroundProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD274 or B7 Homolog 1(B7-H1) is a protein encoded by the CD274 gene. When bound to its ligands, PD-1 and B7.1, it plays an immunosuppressive role by inhibiting T-cell activity. Overexpression of PD-L1 by cancer cells may enable them to evade the host immune response, conferring a growth advantage to such tumours. PD-L1 expression levels detected by immunohistochemistry can therefore be of progn...
Antigen Background
Mammaglobin is a 10 kDa glycoprotein that belongs to the uteroglobin family of proteins. It was first described in 1996 and found to be overexpressed in breast cancer. Mammaglobin has been suggested as a useful marker for carcinomas of unknown primary origin, with expression unaltered from the primary site.
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Mammaglobin is recommended for the detection of specific antigens of interest in normal and neoplastic tissues...
Antigen Background
The c-kit proto-oncogene encodes a transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity, c-kit (CD117), which is closely-related to the platelet-derived growth factor receptor family. c-kit plays a role during hematopoiesis, gametogenesis and melanogenesis. The expression of CD117 antigen is of particular interest in the study of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), small lung cell carcinomas and in melanomas.
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CD1...
Antigen Background
Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein which has some structural homology with dystrophin, the protein that is defective in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. Subtle membrane damage frequently occurs during the excision and freezing of muscle biopsies. Labeling for spectrin must be used to monitor membrane integrity. NCL-SPEC1 recognizes the beta chain of spectrin in erythrocytes and muscle. NCL-SPEC1 reacts with human beta-sp...
Antigen Backgroundp16 (INK4a) (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A)) is a tumour suppressor protein associated with cell cycle progression, specifically in the regulation of transition from G1 phase of the cell cycle in to the S phase. Oncogenic mutations in the CDKN2A gene that encodes p16 (resulting in over or under expression of the protein) is associated with a wide range of cancers and cancer precursor lesions.Disclaimerp16 is recom...
Antigen Background
Dysferlin is the protein product of the 2p13 gene that is defective in patients with Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi Myopathy (MM). Dysferlin is normally localized to the muscle plasma membrane. In patients with LGMD2B and MM, immunoreactivity to dysferlin is severely reduced or lost. Patients with other neuromuscular conditions demonstrate normal labeling patterns.
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HAMLE...
Antigen Background
CD103, also known as alpha E integrin & human mucosal lymphocyte antigen 1, is an integrin protein with expression on intraepithelial T cells & some peripheral regulatory T cells. CD103 is expressed at high levels on tumour-infiltrating FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells in cancer and CD103-positive T cells are strongly associated with patient survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
CD103 expression has been suggested as a...
Antigen Background
Human von Willebrand factor (or factor VIII-related antigen) is a 270 kD multimeric plasma glycoprotein. It mediates platelet adhesion to injured vessel walls and serves as a carrier and stabilizer for coagulation factor VIII. The von Willebrand factor has functional binding domains to platelet glycoprotein Ib, glycoprotein Ib/IIIa, collagen and heparin. Von Willebrand factor is synthesized by endothelial cells and is reported ...
Antigen Background
p120 Catenin is a regulator of cell-cell adhesion, achieved through interaction with classical and Type II cadherins. Evidence also exists for a role in the regulation of cadherin availability on the cell surface. p120 Catenin also regulates actin dynamics, placing it as a potential master regulator of the cell motility/cell adhesion phenotypes.Recent studies have suggested a tumor-suppression role for p120, with loss of p120 e...
Antigen BackgroundThe human progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed as two isoforms, PRA (94 kD) and PRB (114 kD), which function as ligand-activated transcription factors. In vitro studies have indicated that PRA and PRB can activate different target genes and that PRA, in some circumstances, may act as a dominant inhibitor of the function of PRB and other steroid hormone receptors. PRA and PRB are both expressed in normal breast. Most endometri...